History of Vietnam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the history of Vietnam, from 1407 to 1427 during which the country was ruled by Ming Dynasty administrators.
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Culturally, the Chinese imported many Chinese books and literature (such as the I Ching). Meanwhile, all classical Vietnamese books and materials relating to Vietnam were suppressed. Various ancient sites such as pagoda Bao Minh were looted and destroyed. The Ming Dynasty wanted to spread more of its Chinese culture in the area. Customarily, all Việt people were made to wear Chinese-style clothing.
The Chinese had greatly encouraged the development and the use of gold and silver mines. But right after the silver and gold were extracted they impounded them and sent a fraction of these minerals to Beijing. They also imposed salt taxes, but a slightly heavier tax against those who produced salt in Annam.
To keep the people under control in Vietnam, the Ming government issued, and utilized the "So Ho" system, (literally meaning Family Book) at the lowest village community level. Whenever there was a change in a family, a change in the book was recorded and approved. Based on this information, they created a systematic military service enrollment process for all young men deemed fit enough to serve in the future for the Chinese Imperial Army. This process was no different than what other governments did to subjugated areas, nonetheless, this had created a negative feeling against the Chinese government. In addition, many talented Vietnamese individuals with varying trades and backgrounds who could make significant contributions were allowed to become government officials in China where they served in the Chinese imperial government.
With Ming dynasty growing weak with internal rebellions and mismanagement during late Ming dynasty, control of Annam also weakened, there was several revolt among the Việt people against the Chinese authorities, only to be crushed by the Ming Dynasty army. Among the people who led the rebellion were, Trần Ngỗi, a young son of the emperor Trần Nghệ Tông (1370–1372) and Trần Quý Khoáng, a nephew. These revolts were short-lived and poorly planned but they helped lay some of the groundwork for Lê Lợi's war for independence.
When Le Loi decided to bring the war into China in 1427, the Chinese forced repulsed the Vietnamese, killing 10,000 of them. Le Mi, the chief eunuch to Le Loi, was killed.[1]
Preceded by Hồ Dynasty |
Dynasty of Vietnam 1407–1427 |
Succeeded by Later Lê Dynasty |